The Combined Code About Corporate Governance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3117 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Corporate governance is the system or process by which companies are directed and controlled(Cadbury,1992,p.2) Good corporate governance should contribute to better company performance by helping a board discharge its duties in the best interests of shareholders; if it is ignored, the consequence may well be vulnerability or poor performance. Good governance should facilitate efficient, effective and entrepreneurial management that can deliver shareholder value over the longer term. The Combined Code on Corporate Governance (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) is published by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) to support these outcomes and promote confidence in corporate reporting and governance The Code is not a firm set of rules. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Combined Code About Corporate Governance" essay for you Create order Rather, it is a guide to the components of good board practice distilled from consultation and widespread experience over many years. While it is expected that companies will comply wholly or substantially with its provisions, it is recognised that noncompliance may be justified in particular circumstances if good governance can be achieved by other means. A condition of noncompliance is that the reasons for it should be explained to shareholders, who may wish to discuss the position with the company and whose voting intentions may be influenced as a result. This à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"comply or explainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach has been in operation since the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s beginnings in 1992 and the flexibility it offers is valued by company boards and by investors in pursuing better corporate governance. The Listing Rules require UK companies listed on the Main Market of theLondon Stock Exchange to describe in the annual report and accounts their corporate governance fr om two points of view, the first dealinggenerally with their adherence to the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main principles, and the second dealing specifically with non-compliance with any of the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s provisions. The descriptions together should give shareholders a clear and comprehensive picture of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s governance arrangements in relation to the Code as a criterion of good practice The reason for selecting this combined code on corporate governance as topic of research is that researcher is having a past experience of working with the organization and knows about the prows and corns of the business. 1.2 INITIAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: Corporate governance is an institutional arrangement by which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a proper return on their investment(shleifer and vishney ,1997,p.737). Transparency and accountability are the most significant elements of good corporate governance.   This includes: the timely provision by companies of good quality information; a clear and credible company decision-making process; shareholders giving proper consideration to the information provided and making   considered judgements. The origins of the current Revised Combined Code stem from the report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (the Cadbury Report, 1992) to which was attached a Code of Best Practice. This was further developed through a series of reworkings including those of the Greenbury Committee, which made recommendations on executive pay and a Code of Best Practice. It was then decided that previous governance recommendations should be reviewed and brought together in a single code. The work was carried out under the chairmanship of Sir Ronald Hampel and culminated in the Final Report: Committee on Corporate Governance with its Combined Code on Corporate Governance in 1998.In 2002 Derek Higgs was asked to report on the role and effectiveness of non-executive directors. His report, published in January 2003, suggested amendments to the Combined Code. At the same time a committee under Sir Robert Smith reported on guidance for audit committees. The revised Combined Code which was issued in July 2003 by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) took into account both reports. The 2003 Code has been updated at regular intervals since then, most recently in June 2008. The 2008 edition applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 29 June 2008.The FRC undertakes regular reviews of the impact and continues to work effectively.According to Christine mallin(2007), Main principles of the Combined Code are: Directors 1 The board Every company should be headed by an effective board which is collectievely responsble for the success of the company 2 Chairman and chief executive There should be a clear divission of responsbilities at the head of the company between the running of the board and the executive responsbility for running of the companys business No one individual should comprise imaginative powers of decision. 3 Board balance and independence The board should include a balance of executive and nonexecutive directors (and, in pariticular, independent nonexecutive directors) such that no individual or small group of individuals can dominate the boards decision taking 4 Appointments to the board There should be a formal, rigarous and translucent procedure for the appointment of new directors to the board 5 Information and professional development The board should be supplied in a timely manner with information in a form and of a quality apropriate to enable it to discharge its duteis. All directors should be given induction on joining the board and should regularly update and refresh their skills and knowledge. 6 Performance evaluation The board should undertake a formal and thorough annual evaluation of its own performannce and that of its commitees and individual directors 7 Re-election All directors should be submited for re-election at regular intervals, subject to continued satisfactory performance. The board should certify designed and progresive refreshing of the board B Remuneration 1 The level and make-up of remmuneration Levels of remuneration should be sufficcient to attract, retain and motivate directors of the quality required to run the companys succesfully, but a company should avoid paying more than is neccessary for this purpose. A significant proportion of directors remmuneration should be structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance 2 Procedure There should be a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remmuneration and for fixing the remmuneration packages of individual directors. No directors should be involved in deciding his or her own remmuneration C Accountability and audit 1 Financial reporting(Andrew tylecote and francsca visintin,2008) The board should present a balanced and understandable asessment of the companys position and prospects 2 Internal control The board should maintain a sound system of intarnal control to safeguard shareholders investment and the companys assets 3 Audit committee and auditors The board should establish formal and translucent arrangements for considering how they should apply the financial reporting and internal control principals and for maintainning an appropriate relationship with the companys auditors D Relations with shareholders 1 Dialogue with institutional shareholders There should be a discussion with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objectives. The board as a whole has a responsbility for ensurring that a satisfactory dialogue with shareholders takes place. 2 Constructive use of AGM The board should use the AGM to communicate with investors and to encourage their participation. E Institutional shareholders 1 Dialogue with companies Institutional shareholders should enter into a dialogue with companies based on the mutual understanding of objectives. 2 Evaluation of governance disclosures When evaluating a companies governannce arrangements, particularly those relating to board structure and composition, institutional shareholders should give due weight to all relavant factors drawn to their atenttion. 3 Shareholder voting Institutional shareholders have a responsbility to make considered use of their votes. 1.3 RESEARCH PURPOSE: The research purpose is to analyse the impact of failures and weaknesses in corporate governance on the financial crisis, including risk management systemsand executive salaries. It concludes that the financial crisis can be to an significant level attributed to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements which did not serve their purpose to preserve against excessive risk taking in a number of financial services companies. Accounting principles and regulatory requirements have also proved insufficient in some areas. Last but not least, remuneration systems have in a number of cases not been closely connected to the strategy and risk craving of the company and its longer term interests. The article also suggests that the importance of qualified board oversight and robust risk management is not limited to financial institutions. The remuneration of boards and senior management also remains a highly controversial issue in many OECD countries. The current turmoi l suggests a need for the OECD to re-examine the adequacy of its corporate governance principles in these key areas.( FINANCIAL MARKET TRENDS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ISSN 1995-2864  © OECD 2008) All the UK reports and codes, including the 2003 Combined Code (the Code), have taken the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"comply or explainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach. Although only quoted companies (those with a full London Stock Exchange listing) are obliged to report how they apply the Code principles and whether they comply with the Code provisions and, where they do not, explain their departures from them. The Code has had a noticeable wider impact on governance of organisations outside the commercial corporate sector where parallel codes of governance are emerging. For a quoted company reporting on its application of the Code is one of its continuing obligations under the Listing Rules published by the UK Listing Authority (UKLA). If quoted companies ignore the Code, then there will be penalties under the Listing rules. The Code is divided into main principles, supporting principles and provisions. For both main principles and supporting principles a company has to state how it applies those principles. In relation to the Code provisions a company has to state whether they comply with the provisions or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where they do not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" give an explanation. It is the Code provisions that contain the detail on matters such as separation of the role of chairman and chief executive, the ratio of non-executive directors and the composition of the main board committees. The first principle of the Code states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Every company should be headed by an effective boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness is widely regarded as a prerequisite for sustained corporate success. The quality and effectiveness of directors determines the quality and effectiveness of the board. Formal processes for appointment, induction and dev elopment should be adopted. Effectiveness of the board and its individual members has to be assessed. The Code states that no one individual should have unfettered powers of decision-making. It sets out how this can be avoided by splitting the roles of chairman and chief executive, and specifies what the role of the chairman should be. The Code offers valuable guidance on the ratio of non-executive to executive directors and definitions of independence.( https://www.frc.org.uk/corporate/combinedcode.cfm) . 1.4 OBJECTIVES: In the process of research the researcher has to find out the answers for the following questions: To understand how critical governance issues in a established organisation can be solved with optimized corporate governance To formulate an effective method of governing corporates especially at the time of crisis To find out how the country can overcome financial crisis in future with good corporate governance practice? 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: This research has some limits as the researcher has constraints of time and money. The information provided is of sample size. The research is done in India where the economy is developing. So the results vary from Indian developing economy and any other developed economy. The research is mainly concentrated in Hyderabad city so the research result would vary from that of any other city like Chennai, Mumbai, etc. The research is based on the information provided by SATYAM COMPUTERS on how it was bankrupted during financial crisis due to lack of proper governanace and financial reporting. So the result at the end of research will be useful for other companies inorder to benefit from the combined code of corporate governance. 1.6 RESEARCH STRATEGY: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the word basically means search for information or data compilation. It mostly means to gather information concerning firm question and to build up a certain approach for that question. If there was no word called research all the scientific and social projects would have been resulted in deduction work and approximated data The approach the researcher would be using in this research is qualitative with an inductive outlook. Qualitative research is concerned with the growth of explanations, in order to know the reasons and motivations of social occurrence (Hussey Huseey 1997). The motto being to know the world in which we live in, by taking into account individual opinions, experiences and feelings According to Saunders et al (2003), in an inductive way; theory will pursue data rather than vice versa in the deductive approach. Induction emphasizes on attaining an understanding of the meanings human attach to events, it approves in th e gathering of qualitative data and at last, unlike deduction which is a highly prearranged process, induction is a more supple structure which permits changes as and when the research progresses . Case study : A case study is research method to investigate the phenomenon of topic of research. In this case the researcher is looking at SATYAM COMPUTER SERVICES LTD.which is an IT firm and Collapse of SATYAM COMPUTERS at Indian Stock markets due to lack of proper corporate governance practice. In this research the researcher want to apply the combined code of corporate governance to other companies like SATYAM Grounded theory : Grounded theory is a procedure that is designed to generate a theory around the central theme of data. So this theory would help the researcher in doing his research. 1.7 DATA COLLECTION: Secondary Data The information that is previously available is called secondary information. It is using the study previously undertaken in a particular field so that one does not replicate it while conducting primary research. It is also very cost efficient and useful as this being a student project there are no funds at our disposal to conduct the research. It offers handiness and is easily accessible on databases and also on company websites (Wright and Crimp, 2000). It will be used widely while reviewing the literature on the recommended topic. Some of the secondary sources that will be used are academic journals like HR journals. Also with online information coming to age EBSCO Host and Keynote research reports and statistics issued by the Corporate Governance team in India will also be used. Finally, a number of accomplished authors have written ample on this subject, these books will also be consulted. The secondary research will be used effectively to provide a good background to instigat e a good primary research. Primary Data Primary data will be collected through a sequence of recorded semi-structured interviews conducted by the researcher. Prior official authorization would be taken from those who would be interviewed. Semi-structured interviews are interviews where the interviewer would ask a set of questions to interviewees; these questions differ from person to person depending on that personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position with respect to the research. Though the general topic remains the same, some questions will be omitted and some others might be counting depending on who is being interviewed. For example, questions to an HR manager would revolve around how to cope with abrasion and the management view on how they are looking at this problem, on the other hand in an interview with the software engineers. 1.8 DATA ANALYSIS: The researcher understands all the data he would obtain would be based on meaning expressed through words, this kind of information is called qualitative data. The process of qualitative study involves the development of information categories, allocating units of the original information to apt categories and developing and trying hypotheses to produce well grounded conclusions. Now it is enormously important that all this rich data must be transformed to information the researcher could Comprehend and manage Integrate related data from different transcripts and notes Identify key themes or patterns from them to further explorationDevelop or test hypothesis based on these apparent patterns Draw and verify conclusions (Saunders et al, 2003) This researcher would be using Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software, (CAQDAS), to assist him with making good sense of the data, there are various softwares available which would help the researcher, quantifying qualitative information if need be, thus making a hypothesis and arriving at a conclusion. 1.9 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY: The question of reliability and validity of information in any research study is of highest importance. Unless the data obtained is consistent, correct conclusions cannot be drawn. In this study, the validity and reliability issues are associated to access to the correct people for interviews and to get the right information out of them. This will mean that the information should be balanced and unprejudiced. Interviewees should be able to provide the correct information linked to the subject without personal opinions or beliefs. This problem can be conquered to a certain extent by asking to the point questions and framing them up in such a way that eliminates capacity for bias. For this purpose, the researcher will spend quality time on designing good interview questions and will get them checked from a senior supervisor. The issue of access to the correct people for the data is also very important since the research will be based on the answers obtained from them. Ano ther matter related to validity and reliability is the use of precise sources for obtaining secondary data. The researcher should gain contact to the right books, journals and articles for getting quality information about the topic. For this purpose, scholarly articles will be obtained from the library and internet. 2.0 ACCESS: The researcher was providential to have some significant contacts in the IT sector back in Hyderabad, India, this was partly because he was born and brought up there and also because he comes from a strong IT background both academic and professional. The researcher intends to conduct semi structured interviews with the following people. Ms. Pratyusha gogineni (HR Team, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mr. suma Kirthi (HR Team, Satyam computers, Hyd ) Mr. Madhusudhan Santhana (Project Manager, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mr. Prabhakar Govind (Analyst, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mrs. Amruta devi ( MD, HND Recruitment, Hyd ) The first member, Nandini is an old friend who had grown quite fast in the organization has been handling recruitments since the past four years; through her the researcher had got in contact with Mr. Kirthi, a senior HR manager who also assured official access. To get the other side of the story, the researcher has got in contact with Mr Santhana, who also is the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ex manager who used to work with SATYAM computers before. Mr Santhana promised he will do all he could to aid me with this research. Mr Govind along with a few of his colleagues would help in giving me the required information. The researcher intends to leave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"no stone unturnedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and would contact more people if need be to help him with this research. 2.1 GNATT CHART: Activity February March April Week Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.Holiday 2. Read Literature 3.Finalise Objectives 4. Draft Literature Review 5. Read Methodology Literature 6. Devise Research Approach 7. Draft Research Strategy and Method 8. Develop Questionnaire 9. Pilot Test and Revise Questionnaire 10. Administer Questionnaire 11. Enter Data into Computer 12. Analyse Data 13. Update literature read 14. Complete remaining chapters 15. Submit to tutor and await feedback 16.Print, bind 17. Submit

Book Report On The Book Caught My Attention - 1645 Words

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Article on Energy Policy of Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: Choose a topic from Microeconomics that matters to you and find a recent news article. Answers: Essence of The story The article addresses energy based issues such as reliability and efficiency, climate change and renewable forms of energy. Also, technological advancement in the field of the Australian energy sector has been touched on .Specifically, the article briefly recognizes the importance of renewable sources of energy ,mainly, solar and wind sources of energy(Parkinson 2017)Through the article, it is proposed that renewable forms of energy be adopted due to their cheap nature and ready availability. Noteworthy, the article is based on the speech of an energy minister for New South Wales .Majorly, the article stipulates what Australia s energy policy ought to embrace .Theres need to make energy more reliable ,affordable and up to date with the technological advancements for the benefit of the Australian people. Also, the article explores the importance of storing energy embraced through use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind Economic Concepts Based on the Article. Energy efficiency can be achieved through incorporation of reliable, renewable and environmental friendly sources and generation of energy .Energy efficiency. In addition, the affordability of energy sources is vital for all economies and its consumers. Noteworthy, the Australian government is yet to deliver affordable energy to its citizens(Wood 2016)Notably, South Australia s energy prices is considered the highest globally(Dayman,2017)Specifically, Consumers will experience price rises between 19.9 -16.1percent increment of prices from Energy Australia and Origin Energy thus the need for regulatory energy policy. High prices of energy will be burdensome and exploitative to consumers. Further, poverty will ensue from high power prices (Dayman 2017) Undoubtedly, technological advancements have made life much easier and efficient thus the need to embrace modern ways of electricity generation. Further, the Australian government is yet to afford reliable electricity for its citizens (Wood 2016) .Ideally, sources of energy ought to be reliable and sustainable. Usually, renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar are considered ideal for energy generation due to their sustainability and cheap cost. However, the Australian economy is yet to fully and exclusively embrace renewable sources of energy thus the costly prices. Coal isnt a reliable source of energy (Parkinson 2017).Theres need to device ways of storing energy through modern technology to ensure back to back supply of energy year in ,year out. Environmental friendliness is a concern for most energy generation players in the sense that nonrenewable energy sources such as coal are pollutants to the environment .Essentially ,theres need to reduce carbon emissions in relation to climate policy targets and environmental policies. Currently, the Australian energy policy has inadequate climatic policies thus the need to harmonize energy policies with climatic goals for an environment-friendly energy efficient forms of energy (Wood 2016)According to the article ,theres need to enact modern energy policy in harmony with climatic policies in order to protect the environment from carbon emissions which are harmful to the environment. Through the article, it is proposed that the Australian government adopt cleaner energy sources of energy production instead of sole reliance on non renewable energy sources. Arguably, there exists urgent need for government intervention in regulation of energy sector prices and formulation of modern energy based policies. To reduce environmental pollution and promote affordability of electricity, theres urgent need to generate energy using renewable sources of energy, Notably wind and solar energy. Typically, solar and wind energy are readily available and cheap too .Renewable energy sources require less cost in generation of power which translates into lower energy prices for electricity and other energy sources. In addition, theres need for formulation and incorporation of environment friendly policies on energy generation and distribution .Predominantly, generation of energy through no renewable sources transfers the relatively high costs to consumers in the form of tariffs. Also ,theres need to adopt technologically advanced sources of energy such as nuclear energy to substitute the use of fossil fuels such as coal. Mainly because, fossil fuels are expensive and non-renewable thus raising concerns of pollution and unreliability hence the need to adopt safer, readily available and cheaper energy generation sources. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and pollutants of the environment due to the large quantities of carbon emissions generated during energy production. In my opinion ,cleaner and renewable energy should be adopted because they are generated through environment-friendly technologically advanced processes and equipment which reduce and eliminate carbon emissions from the atmosphere .Further ,renewable energy tariffs are cheaper thus affordable for the Australian population. Recommendations. By and large, it's vital to incorporate renewable sources of energy into energy sector generation to reduce pollution and make the prices affordable (Pears,2017)Further, theres need to make energy supply reliable to the Australian population through incorporated various sources of energy production as opposed to reliance on rnon renewable energy sources .In addition theres need to implement strong and achievable energy sector policies and regulation. Moreover, the energy sector policies and measures ought to conform to overall climatic policies. Regarding high cost of electricity, there is need to have accessible energy regulatory bodies in each of the Australian states to monitor the electricity tariffs (Frydenberg 2016)Also, adoption of cheaper technological generation options will make the prices of electricity less costly for the Australian population. To ensure reliability of energy, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy ought to be available always (Mcleish 2017)Theres need for cleaner and renewable energy and practices for an efficient energy sector in Australia. Also ,in regulating price of electricity, mandatory rates of comparison and transparency in energy prices will keep prices in check and consumers enlightened(Clure 2017)Typically, every sector of the economy requires constant reforms due to the changing nature of technology and environmental factors (Zappa 2014) and energy sector is no exception. Theres need to formulate modern policies and measures to curb the existing energy challenges for an efficient energy sector in Australia. Further, theres need to use renewable energy for environmental friendliness purposes and affordable cost of generated energy through this easily available sources . References Parkinson, G. (2017) How the Far Right Have Hijacked Australias Energy policy.RE New Economy. Available at https://reneweconomy.com.au/far-right-hijacked-australias-energy-policy-11836/[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Dayman, I. (2017) South Australia power Prices to Rise to highest in the world on Saturday, Energy Experts warn .ABC News. Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-28/sa-has-most-expensive-power-prices-in-the-world/8658434[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Wood, T. (2016) Australia s energy Sector is in critical need of Reform. The Conversation. Available at https://theconversation.com/australias-energy-sector-is-in-critical-need-of-reform-61802[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Clure, E. (2017) Power Prices: 13 ways government could Bring down Electricity costs .ABC .Net. Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-11/what-could-the-government-do-to-reduce-power-prices/8790952[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Pears , A.(2017)2017 Will be a Big Year for Australia s Energy System: Heres What to LOOK Out For .The Conversation .Available at https://theconversation.com/2017-will-be-a-big-year-for-australias-energy-system-heres-what-to-look-out-for-71703[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Frydenberg, F. (2016) The future of Australia Energy sector.[Opinion]Australian Mining. Available at https://www.australianmining.com.au/features/the-future-of-australias-energy-sector-opinion/ [Accessed 23 Aug 2017] McLeish, R. (2017) Elon Musk Resumes Twitter Campaign for Australian Energy Reform with Mike Cannon-Brookes. The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/elon-musk-resumes-twitter-campaign-for-australian-energy-reform-with-Mike-cannonbrookes-20170313-guwr8g.html[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Zappa, M.(2014)17 Emerging Energy Technologies that will change the world .Business Insider .Available at https://www.businessinsider.com/17-emerging-energy-technologies-2014-4?IR=T[Accessed 23 Aug 201 essed 23 Aug 2017]

Television Violence And Children Essay Example For Students

Television Violence And Children Essay Children and TelevisionTelevision affects childrens lives. There are many facts to support this opinion. In the following paragraphs I will prove that TV affects children and their behavior. Also I will talk about things related to this topic. What children watch today affects their lives. Television has a powerful impact on everyone. Many people, even super stars like Madonna feel there children should not watch television. Many of todays youth and family programs include sexually promiscuity, profanity, coarse joking, and anti family plots. Before allowing your children to watch television one must take into consideration what influences TV will have on them and what are the consequences of viewing television. Television has a power against our innocent children. People need to take into consideration religion factors, exploration, and the education of our children. We will write a custom essay on Television Violence And Children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The average child watches three hours of television a day. Children who watch violence on TV are most likely to display on aggressive behavior. Young children do know the difference between programs and commercials. Children in the United States spend more time on viewing television than any other activity except sleep. Television sends strong messages to kids about violence, sex, and alcohol. Brutal violence can be found in the news, primetime programming, music videos, and cartoons. Television glorifies sex and alcohol. Television can confuse our children about their values and abuse there up bringing. Many religions like Islam and Pentecostal are more concerned peace, family values, and respect. They do not condemn pre-martial sex, abhorrence, violence and waste, and drugs and alcohol. Unfortunately, TV promotes all of the above. Television can disrupt our childrens education and creativity. Time is taking away from our childrens study. The kids attention span is smaller. Instead of concentrating on their own imagination, they are concentrating on others creativity. Despite all this negativity, television can be very beneficial. Children who watch educational programs have better math and verbal skills. High quality programs can provide our children with a well rounded education like history, science, humanities, religion, the environment, and much more. Children need experiences that stimulate and integrate their senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Their senses need to be protected from over stimulation, since young children are literally sponges. Children absorb all they see, hear, smell, taste, and touch from their environment since they havent developed the brain capacity to discriminate or filter out unpleasant or noxious sense experience. Our thought brain, the neocortex, represents our hi ghest and newest form of intellect. It receives extensive input from the core (action) brain and limbic (feeling) brain and has the potential of separating itself and being the most objective part of the brain. It connects us to our higher self. The neocortex needs more time to process the images from the action and feeling brains. It is also the part of the brain that has the most potential for the future, and it is the place where our experiences, recollections, feelings, and thinking skills all combine to shape our ideas and actions (Everett 1997Pg.105).The thinking brain is 5 times larger than the other brains combined and provides intellect, creativity thinking, computing and, if developed, sympathy, empathy, compassion and love (Pearce 1992 pg.50)By age 4, both the core and limbic brains are 80% myelinated. After age 6-7 the brains attention is shifted to the neocortex with myelination beginning first on the right side or hemisphere and later joined by the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere is the more intuitive side of the brain, and it particularly responds to visual images. It grasp wholes, shapes, and patterns and focuses on the big picture rather then the details. It directs drawing and painting and monitors Melodies and harmonies of music. It is especially responsive to novelty and color and is the dominant hemisphere when watching TV. (Healy, 1990, Everett 1997 pgs.122, 102.)Brain size has been shown to decrease 20-30% if a child is not touched, played with or talked to (Healy 1990 pg.199). In addition, the poor quality of reproduced sound presented to our hearing and the flashing, colored, fluorescent over-stimulating images presented to our eyes cause problems in the development and proper function of these two critical sense organs (Poplawski 1998 pg.60). It is important to realize that a six-year olds brain is 2/3 the size of an adults though it has 5-7 times more connections between neurons than does the brain of an 18-month old or an adul t(Pearce 1992 pg.78). Television has been in existence for the past 80 years, though the broadcasting of entertainment shows did not begin until the 1940s. In 1950, 10% of American households own a TV set. By 1954, this Percentage had increased to 50%, and by 1960, 80% of American households owned a television. Since 1970, more than 98% of American households own a TV and currently 66% of households own three or more TVs. Television is on almost 7 hours per day in an average American home. Children of all ages from preschool through adolescence, watch an average of 4 hours of TV per day (excluding time spent watching videos or playing computer games). A child spends more time watching TV then any other activity except sleeping, and by age 18 a child has spent more time in front of a TV than at school. (Internet yahoo.com)Parents have to regulate and take part of there childrens lives with television. Some things parents can do to control what children watch and protect them are:*Mov e your TV to the basement, sunroom, or attic. Having a TV in a prominent place is too tempting. When you want to watch a show, move the tube back to the living room. You may be surprised at how few programs you find worth all this moving. .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .postImageUrl , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:visited , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:active { border:0!important; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:active , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Planning for Professional Development Essay*Have everyone in the family make lists of activities to do besides watching TV then start doing them. *Sell all but one TV. Remove extras from bedrooms, the kitchen, and the garage. Use books or tapes or the radio instead of TV as background noise. Instead of using the TV as an electronic baby-sitter as you make dinner, invite children to help plan and make meals. Then leave the TV off while you eat. *Try to limit viewing to less than five hours a week, not by browbeating by providing fun alternatives for everyone in the family. Avoid using TV as reward and punishment. This increases the power of TV. Have a family meeting and agree on such limits as no morning TV or no TV before all homework is done. With all these possibilities, parents can secure childrens innocence. People can live without television. There are many more ways to tune out TV. IF some children have a computer they can keep themselves busy with it. Some can play sports go on outings and more. Television is a dangerous factor that can be avoided. (Infotrac.com)The average child watches five hours of TV by time they are in the first grade and nineteen thousand by the end of high school. Children watch TV more than any other single activity. Play a large role in our childrens televisions screening. Do not allow television to shape the attitudes of our children. Whether its regulating our children and TV or turning t he thing off it must be controlled. When one is going to watch TV they should make it positive activity instead of negative one. In conclusion even though TV affects children and adults I feel no one will ever stop watching Television. Television is to important and great to watch for people to just stop watching. I know I will not stop because I feel it is very entertaining and sometimes educational. Now we have cartoons likeHysteria, which talk about History in a fun way for kids to watch. Also Sesame Street for our young viewers. If you think that TV programs are going to affect your child or childrens life it is your decision to decide what they should watch. REFERENCESEverett, Miles. How Television Poisons Childrens Minds.1997 :Miles Publishing.pgs.89-105Healy, Jane. Endangered Minds: Why Children Dont Think and What We Can Do About It. 1990 New York:Simon and Schuster. Pgs.89,102,105Internet:Yahoo.comInfotrac.comPearce, Joseph Chilton. Evolutions End:Claiming Our Potential of Our Intelligence.1992:Harper San Francisco.pgs.50,78. Poplawski, Thomas. Losing Our Senses. A journal for Waldodorf Education,Vol.7,No.2,1998.pg.60