The Combined Code About Corporate Governance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3117 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Corporate governance is the system or process by which companies are directed and controlled(Cadbury,1992,p.2) Good corporate governance should contribute to better company performance by helping a board discharge its duties in the best interests of shareholders; if it is ignored, the consequence may well be vulnerability or poor performance. Good governance should facilitate efficient, effective and entrepreneurial management that can deliver shareholder value over the longer term. The Combined Code on Corporate Governance (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) is published by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) to support these outcomes and promote confidence in corporate reporting and governance The Code is not a firm set of rules. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Combined Code About Corporate Governance" essay for you Create order Rather, it is a guide to the components of good board practice distilled from consultation and widespread experience over many years. While it is expected that companies will comply wholly or substantially with its provisions, it is recognised that noncompliance may be justified in particular circumstances if good governance can be achieved by other means. A condition of noncompliance is that the reasons for it should be explained to shareholders, who may wish to discuss the position with the company and whose voting intentions may be influenced as a result. This à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"comply or explainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach has been in operation since the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s beginnings in 1992 and the flexibility it offers is valued by company boards and by investors in pursuing better corporate governance. The Listing Rules require UK companies listed on the Main Market of theLondon Stock Exchange to describe in the annual report and accounts their corporate governance fr om two points of view, the first dealinggenerally with their adherence to the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main principles, and the second dealing specifically with non-compliance with any of the Codeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s provisions. The descriptions together should give shareholders a clear and comprehensive picture of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s governance arrangements in relation to the Code as a criterion of good practice The reason for selecting this combined code on corporate governance as topic of research is that researcher is having a past experience of working with the organization and knows about the prows and corns of the business. 1.2 INITIAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: Corporate governance is an institutional arrangement by which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a proper return on their investment(shleifer and vishney ,1997,p.737). Transparency and accountability are the most significant elements of good corporate governance.   This includes: the timely provision by companies of good quality information; a clear and credible company decision-making process; shareholders giving proper consideration to the information provided and making   considered judgements. The origins of the current Revised Combined Code stem from the report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (the Cadbury Report, 1992) to which was attached a Code of Best Practice. This was further developed through a series of reworkings including those of the Greenbury Committee, which made recommendations on executive pay and a Code of Best Practice. It was then decided that previous governance recommendations should be reviewed and brought together in a single code. The work was carried out under the chairmanship of Sir Ronald Hampel and culminated in the Final Report: Committee on Corporate Governance with its Combined Code on Corporate Governance in 1998.In 2002 Derek Higgs was asked to report on the role and effectiveness of non-executive directors. His report, published in January 2003, suggested amendments to the Combined Code. At the same time a committee under Sir Robert Smith reported on guidance for audit committees. The revised Combined Code which was issued in July 2003 by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) took into account both reports. The 2003 Code has been updated at regular intervals since then, most recently in June 2008. The 2008 edition applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 29 June 2008.The FRC undertakes regular reviews of the impact and continues to work effectively.According to Christine mallin(2007), Main principles of the Combined Code are: Directors 1 The board Every company should be headed by an effective board which is collectievely responsble for the success of the company 2 Chairman and chief executive There should be a clear divission of responsbilities at the head of the company between the running of the board and the executive responsbility for running of the companys business No one individual should comprise imaginative powers of decision. 3 Board balance and independence The board should include a balance of executive and nonexecutive directors (and, in pariticular, independent nonexecutive directors) such that no individual or small group of individuals can dominate the boards decision taking 4 Appointments to the board There should be a formal, rigarous and translucent procedure for the appointment of new directors to the board 5 Information and professional development The board should be supplied in a timely manner with information in a form and of a quality apropriate to enable it to discharge its duteis. All directors should be given induction on joining the board and should regularly update and refresh their skills and knowledge. 6 Performance evaluation The board should undertake a formal and thorough annual evaluation of its own performannce and that of its commitees and individual directors 7 Re-election All directors should be submited for re-election at regular intervals, subject to continued satisfactory performance. The board should certify designed and progresive refreshing of the board B Remuneration 1 The level and make-up of remmuneration Levels of remuneration should be sufficcient to attract, retain and motivate directors of the quality required to run the companys succesfully, but a company should avoid paying more than is neccessary for this purpose. A significant proportion of directors remmuneration should be structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance 2 Procedure There should be a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remmuneration and for fixing the remmuneration packages of individual directors. No directors should be involved in deciding his or her own remmuneration C Accountability and audit 1 Financial reporting(Andrew tylecote and francsca visintin,2008) The board should present a balanced and understandable asessment of the companys position and prospects 2 Internal control The board should maintain a sound system of intarnal control to safeguard shareholders investment and the companys assets 3 Audit committee and auditors The board should establish formal and translucent arrangements for considering how they should apply the financial reporting and internal control principals and for maintainning an appropriate relationship with the companys auditors D Relations with shareholders 1 Dialogue with institutional shareholders There should be a discussion with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objectives. The board as a whole has a responsbility for ensurring that a satisfactory dialogue with shareholders takes place. 2 Constructive use of AGM The board should use the AGM to communicate with investors and to encourage their participation. E Institutional shareholders 1 Dialogue with companies Institutional shareholders should enter into a dialogue with companies based on the mutual understanding of objectives. 2 Evaluation of governance disclosures When evaluating a companies governannce arrangements, particularly those relating to board structure and composition, institutional shareholders should give due weight to all relavant factors drawn to their atenttion. 3 Shareholder voting Institutional shareholders have a responsbility to make considered use of their votes. 1.3 RESEARCH PURPOSE: The research purpose is to analyse the impact of failures and weaknesses in corporate governance on the financial crisis, including risk management systemsand executive salaries. It concludes that the financial crisis can be to an significant level attributed to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements which did not serve their purpose to preserve against excessive risk taking in a number of financial services companies. Accounting principles and regulatory requirements have also proved insufficient in some areas. Last but not least, remuneration systems have in a number of cases not been closely connected to the strategy and risk craving of the company and its longer term interests. The article also suggests that the importance of qualified board oversight and robust risk management is not limited to financial institutions. The remuneration of boards and senior management also remains a highly controversial issue in many OECD countries. The current turmoi l suggests a need for the OECD to re-examine the adequacy of its corporate governance principles in these key areas.( FINANCIAL MARKET TRENDS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ISSN 1995-2864  © OECD 2008) All the UK reports and codes, including the 2003 Combined Code (the Code), have taken the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"comply or explainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach. Although only quoted companies (those with a full London Stock Exchange listing) are obliged to report how they apply the Code principles and whether they comply with the Code provisions and, where they do not, explain their departures from them. The Code has had a noticeable wider impact on governance of organisations outside the commercial corporate sector where parallel codes of governance are emerging. For a quoted company reporting on its application of the Code is one of its continuing obligations under the Listing Rules published by the UK Listing Authority (UKLA). If quoted companies ignore the Code, then there will be penalties under the Listing rules. The Code is divided into main principles, supporting principles and provisions. For both main principles and supporting principles a company has to state how it applies those principles. In relation to the Code provisions a company has to state whether they comply with the provisions or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where they do not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" give an explanation. It is the Code provisions that contain the detail on matters such as separation of the role of chairman and chief executive, the ratio of non-executive directors and the composition of the main board committees. The first principle of the Code states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Every company should be headed by an effective boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness is widely regarded as a prerequisite for sustained corporate success. The quality and effectiveness of directors determines the quality and effectiveness of the board. Formal processes for appointment, induction and dev elopment should be adopted. Effectiveness of the board and its individual members has to be assessed. The Code states that no one individual should have unfettered powers of decision-making. It sets out how this can be avoided by splitting the roles of chairman and chief executive, and specifies what the role of the chairman should be. The Code offers valuable guidance on the ratio of non-executive to executive directors and definitions of independence.( https://www.frc.org.uk/corporate/combinedcode.cfm) . 1.4 OBJECTIVES: In the process of research the researcher has to find out the answers for the following questions: To understand how critical governance issues in a established organisation can be solved with optimized corporate governance To formulate an effective method of governing corporates especially at the time of crisis To find out how the country can overcome financial crisis in future with good corporate governance practice? 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: This research has some limits as the researcher has constraints of time and money. The information provided is of sample size. The research is done in India where the economy is developing. So the results vary from Indian developing economy and any other developed economy. The research is mainly concentrated in Hyderabad city so the research result would vary from that of any other city like Chennai, Mumbai, etc. The research is based on the information provided by SATYAM COMPUTERS on how it was bankrupted during financial crisis due to lack of proper governanace and financial reporting. So the result at the end of research will be useful for other companies inorder to benefit from the combined code of corporate governance. 1.6 RESEARCH STRATEGY: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the word basically means search for information or data compilation. It mostly means to gather information concerning firm question and to build up a certain approach for that question. If there was no word called research all the scientific and social projects would have been resulted in deduction work and approximated data The approach the researcher would be using in this research is qualitative with an inductive outlook. Qualitative research is concerned with the growth of explanations, in order to know the reasons and motivations of social occurrence (Hussey Huseey 1997). The motto being to know the world in which we live in, by taking into account individual opinions, experiences and feelings According to Saunders et al (2003), in an inductive way; theory will pursue data rather than vice versa in the deductive approach. Induction emphasizes on attaining an understanding of the meanings human attach to events, it approves in th e gathering of qualitative data and at last, unlike deduction which is a highly prearranged process, induction is a more supple structure which permits changes as and when the research progresses . Case study : A case study is research method to investigate the phenomenon of topic of research. In this case the researcher is looking at SATYAM COMPUTER SERVICES LTD.which is an IT firm and Collapse of SATYAM COMPUTERS at Indian Stock markets due to lack of proper corporate governance practice. In this research the researcher want to apply the combined code of corporate governance to other companies like SATYAM Grounded theory : Grounded theory is a procedure that is designed to generate a theory around the central theme of data. So this theory would help the researcher in doing his research. 1.7 DATA COLLECTION: Secondary Data The information that is previously available is called secondary information. It is using the study previously undertaken in a particular field so that one does not replicate it while conducting primary research. It is also very cost efficient and useful as this being a student project there are no funds at our disposal to conduct the research. It offers handiness and is easily accessible on databases and also on company websites (Wright and Crimp, 2000). It will be used widely while reviewing the literature on the recommended topic. Some of the secondary sources that will be used are academic journals like HR journals. Also with online information coming to age EBSCO Host and Keynote research reports and statistics issued by the Corporate Governance team in India will also be used. Finally, a number of accomplished authors have written ample on this subject, these books will also be consulted. The secondary research will be used effectively to provide a good background to instigat e a good primary research. Primary Data Primary data will be collected through a sequence of recorded semi-structured interviews conducted by the researcher. Prior official authorization would be taken from those who would be interviewed. Semi-structured interviews are interviews where the interviewer would ask a set of questions to interviewees; these questions differ from person to person depending on that personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position with respect to the research. Though the general topic remains the same, some questions will be omitted and some others might be counting depending on who is being interviewed. For example, questions to an HR manager would revolve around how to cope with abrasion and the management view on how they are looking at this problem, on the other hand in an interview with the software engineers. 1.8 DATA ANALYSIS: The researcher understands all the data he would obtain would be based on meaning expressed through words, this kind of information is called qualitative data. The process of qualitative study involves the development of information categories, allocating units of the original information to apt categories and developing and trying hypotheses to produce well grounded conclusions. Now it is enormously important that all this rich data must be transformed to information the researcher could Comprehend and manage Integrate related data from different transcripts and notes Identify key themes or patterns from them to further explorationDevelop or test hypothesis based on these apparent patterns Draw and verify conclusions (Saunders et al, 2003) This researcher would be using Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software, (CAQDAS), to assist him with making good sense of the data, there are various softwares available which would help the researcher, quantifying qualitative information if need be, thus making a hypothesis and arriving at a conclusion. 1.9 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY: The question of reliability and validity of information in any research study is of highest importance. Unless the data obtained is consistent, correct conclusions cannot be drawn. In this study, the validity and reliability issues are associated to access to the correct people for interviews and to get the right information out of them. This will mean that the information should be balanced and unprejudiced. Interviewees should be able to provide the correct information linked to the subject without personal opinions or beliefs. This problem can be conquered to a certain extent by asking to the point questions and framing them up in such a way that eliminates capacity for bias. For this purpose, the researcher will spend quality time on designing good interview questions and will get them checked from a senior supervisor. The issue of access to the correct people for the data is also very important since the research will be based on the answers obtained from them. Ano ther matter related to validity and reliability is the use of precise sources for obtaining secondary data. The researcher should gain contact to the right books, journals and articles for getting quality information about the topic. For this purpose, scholarly articles will be obtained from the library and internet. 2.0 ACCESS: The researcher was providential to have some significant contacts in the IT sector back in Hyderabad, India, this was partly because he was born and brought up there and also because he comes from a strong IT background both academic and professional. The researcher intends to conduct semi structured interviews with the following people. Ms. Pratyusha gogineni (HR Team, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mr. suma Kirthi (HR Team, Satyam computers, Hyd ) Mr. Madhusudhan Santhana (Project Manager, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mr. Prabhakar Govind (Analyst, Satyam computers, Hyd) Mrs. Amruta devi ( MD, HND Recruitment, Hyd ) The first member, Nandini is an old friend who had grown quite fast in the organization has been handling recruitments since the past four years; through her the researcher had got in contact with Mr. Kirthi, a senior HR manager who also assured official access. To get the other side of the story, the researcher has got in contact with Mr Santhana, who also is the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ex manager who used to work with SATYAM computers before. Mr Santhana promised he will do all he could to aid me with this research. Mr Govind along with a few of his colleagues would help in giving me the required information. The researcher intends to leave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"no stone unturnedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and would contact more people if need be to help him with this research. 2.1 GNATT CHART: Activity February March April Week Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.Holiday 2. Read Literature 3.Finalise Objectives 4. Draft Literature Review 5. Read Methodology Literature 6. Devise Research Approach 7. Draft Research Strategy and Method 8. Develop Questionnaire 9. Pilot Test and Revise Questionnaire 10. Administer Questionnaire 11. Enter Data into Computer 12. Analyse Data 13. Update literature read 14. Complete remaining chapters 15. Submit to tutor and await feedback 16.Print, bind 17. Submit

Book Report On The Book Caught My Attention - 1645 Words

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Article on Energy Policy of Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: Choose a topic from Microeconomics that matters to you and find a recent news article. Answers: Essence of The story The article addresses energy based issues such as reliability and efficiency, climate change and renewable forms of energy. Also, technological advancement in the field of the Australian energy sector has been touched on .Specifically, the article briefly recognizes the importance of renewable sources of energy ,mainly, solar and wind sources of energy(Parkinson 2017)Through the article, it is proposed that renewable forms of energy be adopted due to their cheap nature and ready availability. Noteworthy, the article is based on the speech of an energy minister for New South Wales .Majorly, the article stipulates what Australia s energy policy ought to embrace .Theres need to make energy more reliable ,affordable and up to date with the technological advancements for the benefit of the Australian people. Also, the article explores the importance of storing energy embraced through use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind Economic Concepts Based on the Article. Energy efficiency can be achieved through incorporation of reliable, renewable and environmental friendly sources and generation of energy .Energy efficiency. In addition, the affordability of energy sources is vital for all economies and its consumers. Noteworthy, the Australian government is yet to deliver affordable energy to its citizens(Wood 2016)Notably, South Australia s energy prices is considered the highest globally(Dayman,2017)Specifically, Consumers will experience price rises between 19.9 -16.1percent increment of prices from Energy Australia and Origin Energy thus the need for regulatory energy policy. High prices of energy will be burdensome and exploitative to consumers. Further, poverty will ensue from high power prices (Dayman 2017) Undoubtedly, technological advancements have made life much easier and efficient thus the need to embrace modern ways of electricity generation. Further, the Australian government is yet to afford reliable electricity for its citizens (Wood 2016) .Ideally, sources of energy ought to be reliable and sustainable. Usually, renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar are considered ideal for energy generation due to their sustainability and cheap cost. However, the Australian economy is yet to fully and exclusively embrace renewable sources of energy thus the costly prices. Coal isnt a reliable source of energy (Parkinson 2017).Theres need to device ways of storing energy through modern technology to ensure back to back supply of energy year in ,year out. Environmental friendliness is a concern for most energy generation players in the sense that nonrenewable energy sources such as coal are pollutants to the environment .Essentially ,theres need to reduce carbon emissions in relation to climate policy targets and environmental policies. Currently, the Australian energy policy has inadequate climatic policies thus the need to harmonize energy policies with climatic goals for an environment-friendly energy efficient forms of energy (Wood 2016)According to the article ,theres need to enact modern energy policy in harmony with climatic policies in order to protect the environment from carbon emissions which are harmful to the environment. Through the article, it is proposed that the Australian government adopt cleaner energy sources of energy production instead of sole reliance on non renewable energy sources. Arguably, there exists urgent need for government intervention in regulation of energy sector prices and formulation of modern energy based policies. To reduce environmental pollution and promote affordability of electricity, theres urgent need to generate energy using renewable sources of energy, Notably wind and solar energy. Typically, solar and wind energy are readily available and cheap too .Renewable energy sources require less cost in generation of power which translates into lower energy prices for electricity and other energy sources. In addition, theres need for formulation and incorporation of environment friendly policies on energy generation and distribution .Predominantly, generation of energy through no renewable sources transfers the relatively high costs to consumers in the form of tariffs. Also ,theres need to adopt technologically advanced sources of energy such as nuclear energy to substitute the use of fossil fuels such as coal. Mainly because, fossil fuels are expensive and non-renewable thus raising concerns of pollution and unreliability hence the need to adopt safer, readily available and cheaper energy generation sources. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and pollutants of the environment due to the large quantities of carbon emissions generated during energy production. In my opinion ,cleaner and renewable energy should be adopted because they are generated through environment-friendly technologically advanced processes and equipment which reduce and eliminate carbon emissions from the atmosphere .Further ,renewable energy tariffs are cheaper thus affordable for the Australian population. Recommendations. By and large, it's vital to incorporate renewable sources of energy into energy sector generation to reduce pollution and make the prices affordable (Pears,2017)Further, theres need to make energy supply reliable to the Australian population through incorporated various sources of energy production as opposed to reliance on rnon renewable energy sources .In addition theres need to implement strong and achievable energy sector policies and regulation. Moreover, the energy sector policies and measures ought to conform to overall climatic policies. Regarding high cost of electricity, there is need to have accessible energy regulatory bodies in each of the Australian states to monitor the electricity tariffs (Frydenberg 2016)Also, adoption of cheaper technological generation options will make the prices of electricity less costly for the Australian population. To ensure reliability of energy, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy ought to be available always (Mcleish 2017)Theres need for cleaner and renewable energy and practices for an efficient energy sector in Australia. Also ,in regulating price of electricity, mandatory rates of comparison and transparency in energy prices will keep prices in check and consumers enlightened(Clure 2017)Typically, every sector of the economy requires constant reforms due to the changing nature of technology and environmental factors (Zappa 2014) and energy sector is no exception. Theres need to formulate modern policies and measures to curb the existing energy challenges for an efficient energy sector in Australia. Further, theres need to use renewable energy for environmental friendliness purposes and affordable cost of generated energy through this easily available sources . References Parkinson, G. (2017) How the Far Right Have Hijacked Australias Energy policy.RE New Economy. Available at https://reneweconomy.com.au/far-right-hijacked-australias-energy-policy-11836/[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Dayman, I. (2017) South Australia power Prices to Rise to highest in the world on Saturday, Energy Experts warn .ABC News. Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-28/sa-has-most-expensive-power-prices-in-the-world/8658434[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Wood, T. (2016) Australia s energy Sector is in critical need of Reform. The Conversation. Available at https://theconversation.com/australias-energy-sector-is-in-critical-need-of-reform-61802[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Clure, E. (2017) Power Prices: 13 ways government could Bring down Electricity costs .ABC .Net. Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-11/what-could-the-government-do-to-reduce-power-prices/8790952[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Pears , A.(2017)2017 Will be a Big Year for Australia s Energy System: Heres What to LOOK Out For .The Conversation .Available at https://theconversation.com/2017-will-be-a-big-year-for-australias-energy-system-heres-what-to-look-out-for-71703[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Frydenberg, F. (2016) The future of Australia Energy sector.[Opinion]Australian Mining. Available at https://www.australianmining.com.au/features/the-future-of-australias-energy-sector-opinion/ [Accessed 23 Aug 2017] McLeish, R. (2017) Elon Musk Resumes Twitter Campaign for Australian Energy Reform with Mike Cannon-Brookes. The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/elon-musk-resumes-twitter-campaign-for-australian-energy-reform-with-Mike-cannonbrookes-20170313-guwr8g.html[Accessed 23 Aug 2017] Zappa, M.(2014)17 Emerging Energy Technologies that will change the world .Business Insider .Available at https://www.businessinsider.com/17-emerging-energy-technologies-2014-4?IR=T[Accessed 23 Aug 201 essed 23 Aug 2017]

Television Violence And Children Essay Example For Students

Television Violence And Children Essay Children and TelevisionTelevision affects childrens lives. There are many facts to support this opinion. In the following paragraphs I will prove that TV affects children and their behavior. Also I will talk about things related to this topic. What children watch today affects their lives. Television has a powerful impact on everyone. Many people, even super stars like Madonna feel there children should not watch television. Many of todays youth and family programs include sexually promiscuity, profanity, coarse joking, and anti family plots. Before allowing your children to watch television one must take into consideration what influences TV will have on them and what are the consequences of viewing television. Television has a power against our innocent children. People need to take into consideration religion factors, exploration, and the education of our children. We will write a custom essay on Television Violence And Children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The average child watches three hours of television a day. Children who watch violence on TV are most likely to display on aggressive behavior. Young children do know the difference between programs and commercials. Children in the United States spend more time on viewing television than any other activity except sleep. Television sends strong messages to kids about violence, sex, and alcohol. Brutal violence can be found in the news, primetime programming, music videos, and cartoons. Television glorifies sex and alcohol. Television can confuse our children about their values and abuse there up bringing. Many religions like Islam and Pentecostal are more concerned peace, family values, and respect. They do not condemn pre-martial sex, abhorrence, violence and waste, and drugs and alcohol. Unfortunately, TV promotes all of the above. Television can disrupt our childrens education and creativity. Time is taking away from our childrens study. The kids attention span is smaller. Instead of concentrating on their own imagination, they are concentrating on others creativity. Despite all this negativity, television can be very beneficial. Children who watch educational programs have better math and verbal skills. High quality programs can provide our children with a well rounded education like history, science, humanities, religion, the environment, and much more. Children need experiences that stimulate and integrate their senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Their senses need to be protected from over stimulation, since young children are literally sponges. Children absorb all they see, hear, smell, taste, and touch from their environment since they havent developed the brain capacity to discriminate or filter out unpleasant or noxious sense experience. Our thought brain, the neocortex, represents our hi ghest and newest form of intellect. It receives extensive input from the core (action) brain and limbic (feeling) brain and has the potential of separating itself and being the most objective part of the brain. It connects us to our higher self. The neocortex needs more time to process the images from the action and feeling brains. It is also the part of the brain that has the most potential for the future, and it is the place where our experiences, recollections, feelings, and thinking skills all combine to shape our ideas and actions (Everett 1997Pg.105).The thinking brain is 5 times larger than the other brains combined and provides intellect, creativity thinking, computing and, if developed, sympathy, empathy, compassion and love (Pearce 1992 pg.50)By age 4, both the core and limbic brains are 80% myelinated. After age 6-7 the brains attention is shifted to the neocortex with myelination beginning first on the right side or hemisphere and later joined by the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere is the more intuitive side of the brain, and it particularly responds to visual images. It grasp wholes, shapes, and patterns and focuses on the big picture rather then the details. It directs drawing and painting and monitors Melodies and harmonies of music. It is especially responsive to novelty and color and is the dominant hemisphere when watching TV. (Healy, 1990, Everett 1997 pgs.122, 102.)Brain size has been shown to decrease 20-30% if a child is not touched, played with or talked to (Healy 1990 pg.199). In addition, the poor quality of reproduced sound presented to our hearing and the flashing, colored, fluorescent over-stimulating images presented to our eyes cause problems in the development and proper function of these two critical sense organs (Poplawski 1998 pg.60). It is important to realize that a six-year olds brain is 2/3 the size of an adults though it has 5-7 times more connections between neurons than does the brain of an 18-month old or an adul t(Pearce 1992 pg.78). Television has been in existence for the past 80 years, though the broadcasting of entertainment shows did not begin until the 1940s. In 1950, 10% of American households own a TV set. By 1954, this Percentage had increased to 50%, and by 1960, 80% of American households owned a television. Since 1970, more than 98% of American households own a TV and currently 66% of households own three or more TVs. Television is on almost 7 hours per day in an average American home. Children of all ages from preschool through adolescence, watch an average of 4 hours of TV per day (excluding time spent watching videos or playing computer games). A child spends more time watching TV then any other activity except sleeping, and by age 18 a child has spent more time in front of a TV than at school. (Internet yahoo.com)Parents have to regulate and take part of there childrens lives with television. Some things parents can do to control what children watch and protect them are:*Mov e your TV to the basement, sunroom, or attic. Having a TV in a prominent place is too tempting. When you want to watch a show, move the tube back to the living room. You may be surprised at how few programs you find worth all this moving. .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .postImageUrl , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:visited , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:active { border:0!important; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:active , .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fd73e7ad1476b7e41ccd74675f7deea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Planning for Professional Development Essay*Have everyone in the family make lists of activities to do besides watching TV then start doing them. *Sell all but one TV. Remove extras from bedrooms, the kitchen, and the garage. Use books or tapes or the radio instead of TV as background noise. Instead of using the TV as an electronic baby-sitter as you make dinner, invite children to help plan and make meals. Then leave the TV off while you eat. *Try to limit viewing to less than five hours a week, not by browbeating by providing fun alternatives for everyone in the family. Avoid using TV as reward and punishment. This increases the power of TV. Have a family meeting and agree on such limits as no morning TV or no TV before all homework is done. With all these possibilities, parents can secure childrens innocence. People can live without television. There are many more ways to tune out TV. IF some children have a computer they can keep themselves busy with it. Some can play sports go on outings and more. Television is a dangerous factor that can be avoided. (Infotrac.com)The average child watches five hours of TV by time they are in the first grade and nineteen thousand by the end of high school. Children watch TV more than any other single activity. Play a large role in our childrens televisions screening. Do not allow television to shape the attitudes of our children. Whether its regulating our children and TV or turning t he thing off it must be controlled. When one is going to watch TV they should make it positive activity instead of negative one. In conclusion even though TV affects children and adults I feel no one will ever stop watching Television. Television is to important and great to watch for people to just stop watching. I know I will not stop because I feel it is very entertaining and sometimes educational. Now we have cartoons likeHysteria, which talk about History in a fun way for kids to watch. Also Sesame Street for our young viewers. If you think that TV programs are going to affect your child or childrens life it is your decision to decide what they should watch. REFERENCESEverett, Miles. How Television Poisons Childrens Minds.1997 :Miles Publishing.pgs.89-105Healy, Jane. Endangered Minds: Why Children Dont Think and What We Can Do About It. 1990 New York:Simon and Schuster. Pgs.89,102,105Internet:Yahoo.comInfotrac.comPearce, Joseph Chilton. Evolutions End:Claiming Our Potential of Our Intelligence.1992:Harper San Francisco.pgs.50,78. Poplawski, Thomas. Losing Our Senses. A journal for Waldodorf Education,Vol.7,No.2,1998.pg.60

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Example

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Example Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay School shots are one of the common events that achieved a degree of cultural symbolism and do fright within pupils, their relations, and school forces. It is non flooring that these shots are still go oning, since the beginning of the job is sophisticated. School shots promote depression and anxiousness within schools and promote the thought that schools are insecure for many pupils ; in this paper I will discourse the class of action in Virginia Tech and my function as a school psychologist during the crisis. On April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech experienced a awful and unforgettable event in the American university history. An Asiatic pupil shooting and took the lives of 32 pupils and module, staff. He left behind injured persons and people with psychological jobs, and so he killed himself. Furthermore, victim s households, friends and the university community have suffered dreadfully. As a school psychologist in Virginia Tech, I think it is really important to roll up the informations about the pupil who killed the victims in order to cognize more about the existent causes that led him to hit people and kill himself after. This will assist to cover with pupils behaviour to avoid and halt existent causes before they get more complicated. The pupil liquidator was scraggy and looked younger than his age. He did non take part in category and did non desire to talk. The professors reported that he was mentally sick and he asked him to seek guidance. I believed that it is of import to work with pupils who have same symptoms like this individual who needed an early diagnosing. I believe that mental wellness clinics receive a large figure of antisocial behaviours which is the most common upset in our day-to-day life. I think that early diagnosing of serious aggression that can be Conduct Disorder which begins as aggression in the early childhood and developed during adolescence and maturity, it is really critical to cognize about these instances in order to assist those persons since they were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder ( ODD ) . Conduct is a upset that refers to people who deal with specific behavioural and emotional jobs during the childhood. Peoples diagnoses with this upset can non concentrate and they have a difficult clip to follow regulations. They are frequently referred as bad people or delinquent, disregarding that they mentally ill. Course of action Schools must be protected and safe topographic points for kids to analyze, nevertheless after this shooting event, a figure of pupils and their households still feel threatened and their lives in danger by armed and unsafe schoolmates. As a member of school community we need to discourse our program and how to cover with current pupils, households, professors and the other members who experienced the incident and assist them to get the better of and go on benefit from school. I believe that it is really interesting to work with survived pupils to swear us and discourse our programs to offer a safe topographic point to larn. As school staff, we need to work with parents and public safety suppliers ( local constabulary and fire sections, exigency respondents, infirmaries, etc. ) ( National Association of School Psychologists, 2006 ) The school community needs besides to heighten, and regenerate the school processs to maintain school edifice safe. Work with pupils to be able to discou rse and speak aloud if something happened that makes them experience uncomfortable, worried or scared. Teach the pupils that everybody play a large function to keep the school safety. School community demands besides to offer crisis preparation and professional development for all staff based upon demands assessment . ( NASP, 2006 ) Anger and force are increasingly more important issues to school psychologists and other professionals today. Those pedagogues faced the effects of larning jobs and societal accommodation issues. It is really important to supply monthly workshops for all pupils to place their feelings and assist them to cognize how to pull off their feelings of choler, particularly if they are taking drugs or holding mental unwellness will be helpful. It is really of import to learn and do pupils remain off from drugs and intoxicant. Added to this, being off from guns and other arms will be helpful every bit good. Teach pupils in early age that force is non a solution to manage jobs. Therefore, supply reding Sessionss to all pupils, particularly those who are fighting with anxiousness, depression, or other emotional concerns that they can non manage. William Pollack, a Harvard Medical School psychologist, stated in the incident of the Columbine taws needed aid, and what they got twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours was no 1 detecting. They were left entirely. Adolescents, even though they say they want to be entirely they truly want some sort of connexion with an grownup who understands and attentions. ( USA today, 2009 ) As a school staff, we need to work on our safety plans every bit good. We will necessitate to lock doors, provide security cameras and call systems. We need to promote and construct up the regard between staff and pupils, pupils and pupils. Respect the pupils possible and public presentation is really critical besides. The interaction between counsellors or professors and pupils is really of import to be able to acknowledge pupils feelings and alarm any serious emotional issues or mental wellness jobs. Check and connect is a good scheme to supply to school staffs in the workshops. In this attack, every twenty-four hours, one professor or more should speak about a specific pupil s instance. As the initial duty we have as school staff, we should assist people see the event in an appropriate context. We need to supply guidance and psychological interventions and we have to work with them to be able to go on their surveies and assist them to accomplish their ends as they came for the first clip and may be better. We have to work with those people who were in the event on the traumatic that may go on and they will believe about all the clip. We need to be able to assist them to bury it and get down a new personal and educational safe life. It is obvious that people who commit this sort of things and hiting normally have mental upsets such as terrible depression or other emotional jobs. Those persons normally feel unwanted and severely treated by others, they are dissatisfied in their academic public presentation and ends, and hence they go for self-destruction and shot in order to make retaliation. Furthermore, these pupils ever prepared for their programs antecedently and they talked about their intents in progress. Hopefully, we will hold clip to cognize about their programs and assist them acknowledge their feelings to be able to step in early. That is why I believe that we need to construct up assurance and communicating with pupils and advance them to inquire for aid whenever they feel that they need it. As people working in schools, the event is difficult to see, but we may be able to better command the school and in forestalling more shots. Furthermore, pupils who are under medicines for anxiousness, depression or other concerns and are presently in university, they need to be in contact with their physician, healer every bit good as their household. It may be besides appropriate for pupils who have faced a anterior traumatic event every bit good. I believed that school shot is one of the biggest issues that need more than a individual solution ; hapless parenting and early designation are large footings to believe about covering with such incidents. Most shots in schools occurred chiefly because of retaliation against society. Specific people such as parents, friends, and roomies know how to assist professionals to decrease specific psychological results of a traumatic incident by utilizing observation as a method to watch pupils who are at greater hazard and help straight. Awareness of the issues that can take to cruel psychological hurt may help grownups to distinguish those pupils who need mental wellness aid. As school community, we should be after hand in glove to contrive a safety within schools to diminish force by using assorted attacks in order to run into each school s demands. For an effectual consequence, it is helpful to include the undermentioned constituents such as doing school-community safety partnerships, set uping comprehensive school crisis response programs ( NASP, 2006 ) As a class of action, schools should adopted new Torahs and schemes to get by with this new manner of demoing such barbarous aggression in instructional constitutions, such as prohibiting violent behaviours by publishing a disciplinary regulations and penalties against persons who are trying to be involved in aggressive behaviours in schools scenes. Besides, schools need besides to offer a proper and effectual guidance therapy for people who still under the daze of a shooting incident and assist them to get the better of the crisis clip. Equally far as community is concerned, it should be a precedence to protect pupils who experience aggressive events and do them recover assurance to prosecute their academic and emotional life. Bettering schoolroom environment is besides presented in our school program by backing such a positive school subject School clime is a comparatively abiding quality of the full school that is experienced by members, describes their corporate perceptual experiences of everyday behaviour, and affects their attitudes and behaviour in the school ( Camilla A ; Sandra, 2007 ) . Our plan battles racism and intolerance and implements schemes to accept people from different civilizations ; in school plan, the community promotes audience, appropriate societal accomplishments, lifting security in schools, and use disciplinary method to penalize persons who did non esteem the school policy. Using bar plans for all pupils is one of the critical schemes we have in our plan like speaking about the federal jurisprudence. Basically, we besides implement some specific intercessions in order to back up pupils positive emotional development and educate them to use non-violent methods to decode their personal concerns. Support pupils who show early marks of misdemeanor behaviours at schools and promoting equal relationship by using communicating and mediation plans to decide struggles. School-based mental wellness services are really wanted late. As school community, join forcesing with parents and policy shapers we should size up issues that can account for events in which a slaughter happened in the constitution scene in order to help pupils to carry through their purposes in schools and assist them to place their personal and societal issues. During the crisis, as member of school community, we were looking for manners in order to halt these events to re-happen. School Psychologists national association ( NASP ) squad stated that, Crisis has been often recognized as a clip of possible danger every bit good as possible opportunity.aˆÂ ¦ If our profession is able to pull off the danger that is, pull off the immediate crisis and rapidly return the system to normal working so there exists a enormous chance to excite long-run systemic alteration. Once seen as effectual and believable, the psychologist has boundlessly more chance to travel the system in the way of bar ( Kathy, 2008 ) . School psychologists can be a terrific beginning to the institutional community in the betterment of efficient mental wellness services to discourse pupils and households demands. It is besides cardinal that school psychologists become really of import and positive persons in backing their undertaking as mental wellness service suppliers and plans in schools. My function as a school psychologist As a school psychologist, I need to be able to place pupil in demand for excess aid and assistance in acknowledging proper referral beginnings in the community. I would besides utilize the psychological triage as a technique to set up the crisis intercession remedy. The usage of this attack is peculiarly important when the psychological injury victim surpasses the figure of available people who can step in. Harmonizing to National Association of School Psychologists ( NASP ) , there are assorted things that we can make as people working in schools that may see that schools are unafraid topographic points for pupils and heighten the comfort degree of persons such as inform parents by the school safety policies and catastrophe turning away attempts. As a school psychologist, I need to be active within schools, communicate with pupils and their parents. I need besides to see schoolrooms often. Work on pupils behaviour and assist school community to learn pupils the appropriate and expected behaviours, provide intercessions and supports. Talk and do a nexus with community co-workers to measure exigency response programs and discourse the demands that may be noticeable to the current crisis. Highlight force bar plans and course of study presently being taught in schools and stress the attempts of the school to learn pupils options to violence including peaceable struggle declaration and po sitive interpersonal relationship accomplishments. Cite specific illustrations such as Second Step Violence Prevention, bully proofing, or other positive intercessions and behavioural supports ( NASP, 2006 ) . My function as school psychologist as good is to forestall those persons who homicide others and self-destruction. An article by NASP stated that society demands to ease closer dealingss as a replacing of watching telecasting and utilizing computing machines in the remainder of the eventides, visit friends, schoolmates, and neighbours, walk you dog or go for field day will assist to halt slayings to recognize their programs and offenses. As a class of action, we should work on the relationship between pupils, their professors, and other school workers ( NASP, 2006 ) My function as a school psychologist besides is to analyze the psychological upsets of pupils who appeared to be at hazard such as those persons who may hold post traumatic emphasis syndrome, depression, Schizophrenia, and other mental wellness jobs. It is really important to early diagnosing those people with the old upsets in order to be able to step in and assist them to populate normal people and act responsively. My occupation as a member of the community is to be cognizant of some people who refuse to speak about their experience in the yesteryear and conceal their traumatic events. In this point, I need to be able to assist subsisters of this atrocious crisis to speak about it and help them to be able to place and discourse their feelings from it. I need to be able to help those people by utilizing psychotherapy Sessionss and advanced techniques. As a school psychologist, I can be trusted to assist with delicate personal and household state of affairss that interfere with schooling. I can besides assist forestall future jobs when I intervene with larning jobs early on, and I can besides acknowledge that alterations in the school environment and at place can better the quality of life for kids and their families.A For most victims, cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best intervention that I can utilize in order to alter distorted and perchance harmful perceptual experiences of post-traumati c emphasis, terrible anxiousness, depression, pleasant mental imagination, and relaxation techniques. Other guidance and therapy techniques may assist those people achieve a good perceptive of the unwellness and the factors that protect against it. There are besides stress vaccination preparation and visual image techniques that can be used as intervention to assist those victims in our school scene. All these interventions need to be taught to subsisters in order to pattern it on their ain. I need besides to portion with them my feelings, experience, and marks to assist diminishing feelings of fright and weakness. In footings of intercession, as a school psychologist I should work and confer with with instructors in order to take, implement, and measure intercessions that best work for the different demands of different students.A As expert I need to be able to learn pupils, instructors, parents, and other professionals problem-solving schemes to turn to issues related to pupils academic, behavioural, and psychological jobs after the incident. I need besides to be able to help instructors, parents, and other professionals use experimental determination devising to better pupil and systemic results. Besides, I have to assist instructors understand the alone demands of pupils, particularly those diagnosing with mental wellness jobs. It is really of import to confer with with those persons physicians and counsellor every bit good in order to maintain in truck, cognize more about their current state of affairss, and assist them to let go of their strivings. NASP promotes that school psychologi sts to take a leading function in developing comprehensive attacks to violence decrease and crisis response in schools ( NASP, 2006 ) . Since school psychologists are capable to affect in the whole school personals in heightening and using positive behavioural intercessions that support social-emotional development of pupils. School psychologists are besides of import members who are skilled by utilizing and implementing different intercession schemes that may diminish violent behaviours within school scenes and with different pupils. As a school psychologist, I can discourse with other school members the execution of societal accomplishments activities and other techniques used in order to educate pupils how to work out their personal issues. My other function is to offer audience procedure to advance schools form catastrophe planning squads. As portion of the rating plan, I need to cut down aggression activities among pupils and assist those who were showing during the incident p hysically, psychologically, and societal privacy. Equally far as my function, I will assist school to response to this exigency instance. As a school psychological science, my function besides is to be good cognizant of the advantage of the early intercession and bar attempts. Traditional crisis health professionals include exigency response professionals, mental wellness suppliers, medical professionals, victim aid counsellors, and religion leaders ( NASP, 2003 ) those professionals are all good skilled to manage different instances and to assist sick persons to pull off their life and manage their jobs. Teachers and decision makers are the most people who interact with our pupils ; nevertheless some of them did non acquire any preparation to offer mental wellness services and intercession. As a school psychologist, I think that will be really helpful to supply preparations and assist those professionals to be able to step in. These functions of school psychologists are really critical elements as programs of school safety. To vouch that school psychologists are good trained to offer leading in school force bar. NASP helped school psychologists to acquire the necessary comprehension and accomplishments to use aggression bar and the crisis in schools during their plans and through their life experiences. Drumhead Very serious violent jobs occur in school scenes and have sophisticated causes, unknown beginnings and valuable effects. Besides, battles, sexual torment, and strong-arming that occur every twenty-four hours in all school constitutions in the universe. We started to see shots people at schools and self-destruction. These affected the schools environments, safety, and made many pupils, relations and school staffs to undergo dreadfully. Therefore, the attempts to diminish aggression at school scenes need to be multi-faceted. School scenes are trusted to protect kids and maintain them procure during the school twenty-four hours. Teachers, principals, and all school staff do large attempts to maintain pupils safe and off from any danger. Many pupils trust schools and they feel happy and comfort in the school staffs who save them from injuries and protect them. There are assorted instances and immense figure of shoots and self-destruction in school scenes, hence schools and professionals community need to fix in order to hold a minimal amendss and handle crises, in order to maintain pupils and staff out of injury and able to larn and learn. In my sentiment, I think that a successful and effectual plan will vouch the safety of all pupils and school staff. It is important to make plans that lead to halt and cut down aggression and reacting quickly and expeditiously whenever force happens. Aggression lessening programs have to besides impact on all pupil approaches to violence, educate them and school workers to be able to work out their accomplishments in an effectual away, and assist the school to do an environment that encourages credence and tolerance between pupils and staff. School safety plans are really efficient when we involved other groups of force bar attempts such as local jurisprudence enforcement, juvenile probation, public wellness forces, and other parent and community groups ( NASP, 2006 ) This will assist to cut down aggression and choler among pupils in order to guarantee life of all kids and young person and improved their public presentation to accomplish their end. I believe that all households, friends, and school staff have the duty in this slaughter, by disregarding the slaying mental wellness history and allow him populate in the campus as a normal pupil. The safety group of the campus has besides a large duty and failed to step in in the appropriate clip to halt the killing show was go oning. The uncontrolled guns are large issues as good that led to kill those guiltless pupils easy. All school psychologists have the duty to give custodies to educational establishments and affect in the methodical group construction and job work o uting procedure. They have the duty to analysis the informations and identify pupils jobs. All these programs should be discussed in nonsubjective informations of school databases. Typically my function as a school psychologist is that I can non do diagnosing, but I can supply informations by utilizing assorted figure of appraisals tools like making observations, interviews, and confer withing with parents and other professionals. There are really large Numberss of intercessions that can be used by school psychologists to help those persons in order to grok their ends and seek be able to cover with it.

Views on the British Empire essays

Views on the British Empire essays There are several attitudes towards the empire expressed in the music and visual material provided. The key attitude of the British toward the Empire is patriotism, which naturally is followed by pride, then in turn developed in self-righteousness and ego. The strong sense of patriotism grew when the British power provided peace and wealth.  ¡Ã‚ §Days of plenty and years of peace; March of a strong land ¡s swift increase; ¡ as Henry H. Bennett wrote in The Flag Goes By. Citizens were brought up in an environment that taught them to love Britain. The  ¡Ã‚ §Empire-day Catechism ¡ of League of the Empire, informed the duties of a British citizen:  ¡Ã‚ §To be the loyal friend of all fellow subjects of the King-Emperor ¡K To prepare himself by every means in his power to advance the welfare of his fellow citizens, whether in peach or war... ¡ These words were like blueprints for a patriotic British heart. The patriotism fostered hasn ¡t perished yet; there is still an an nual concert in London performing patriotic music. The words of Pomp and Circumstance March in D Major, by Edward Elgar echoed in the great hall  ¡Ã‚ §Land of Hope and Glory, Mother of Free, ¡ the audience sang with loyalty,  ¡Ã‚ §How shall we extol thee, who are born of Thee! ¡ Although patriotism was the incipient reaction of the citizens, there is no doubt that this feeling produced ego. Arrogance was inevitable; The Empire ¡s size alone had the charisma to attract pride! The Catechism said the extent of the Empire was twelve million square miles; it took up one-fifth of the earth ¡s surface. There ¡re a total of 400 million subjects of King Edward, which is also about one-fifth of the world... ¡ All the contemporary pieces reflected grand pomposity of the empire. They were loud and thick in texture with roaring melody lines. Brass and percussion instruments were popularly used to represent the glory of the empire. Poetry-wise, The Flag Goes By cleverly expressed the people ¡...

What Is Globalization Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Is Globalization - Research Proposal Example    Another word for globalization is an exchange. For the most part, the recent form and development of the world can be attributed to globalization because the technological advancement has happened as a result of the very exchange of resources and services among countries. While there are several features of globalization related to different aspects including economic, social, and political, yet â€Å"where it has had a most telling impact is in major and dramatic increases in global trade and exchanges in an open, integrated and borderless international environment† (Pere). Globalization has particularly increased as a result of the advent of the Internet. The Internet has allowed people to socialize with one another, make friends, and exchange ideas and opinions without being limited by the geographic boundaries. Globalization has played a very important role in the exchange of talent across the nations. These days, the Internet is used to recruit talented people from all over the world. â€Å"Globalization has changed us into a company that searches the world, not just to sell or to the source, but to find intellectual capital - the worlds best talents and greatest ideas† (Welch cited in Kulkarni). Employers use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn to learn more about the candidates they are considering hiring. Positive effects of globalization include increased knowledge of world cultures; increased understanding of the norms and values, trends and traditions of different people; economic strengthening and development of the underdeveloped countries.

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mythology - Essay Example The Mayans associated creation with magic and divination, and regarded their gods and heroes as divine (â€Å"Mayan Mythology†). In addition, they believed that the present world was a recent creation, but would eventually be destroyed as it is on doomsday. The Mayans also believed in a universe that comprised of heavens and underworlds and the human world sandwiched between them (PaganSpace.net). In relation to the above, there are numerous descendants of the Mayan culture in the modern society mainly of the Hispanic descent. As such, I would expect the individuals to be highly superstitious and dedicated to their course. This is owing to the traditions held by their ancestors and culture that has been taught to them. However, with the expiry of the Mayan calendar it is expected that the culture will suffer a setback as their prediction of doomsday failed to pass. To the same effect, many may opt for alternative beliefs and cultures in an effort to substitute for their

Thalia, Muse Of Comedy Essay Example for Free

Thalia, Muse Of Comedy Essay Venue is defined simply as the appropriate place of trial. In criminal cases, fairness and convenience to the defendants are the underlying policy in determining venue. It has been often ruled that the basic requirement of placing venue in the district wherein the crime has been committed must be determined from the nature of the crime alleged and the location of the act or acts constituting it. However, courts must consider such factors as convenience of and fairness to the defendants and witnesses and the prompt administration of justice in setting venue and considering motions for the change of venue. Questions of venue in criminal cases are not merely matters of formal legal procedure. They raise deep issues of public policy in the light of which legislation must be construed (United States v. Johnson cited in VENUE- Cases). In order to comply with this public policy, courts will allow a change of venue if injustice will result and prejudice so great will exist against the defendant or if the procurement of witnesses will be difficult if no change of venue will be made. The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure allows a change of venue upon three instances, to wit: upon the judges own motion, upon motion of the state prosecution, and upon the defendants own motion (Chapter 31). On the other hand, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure allows change of venue for trial only upon defendants own motion (Rule 21). Curiously, the Federal Rules only allow change of venue for prejudice and for convenience on the part of the defendant alone, and only upon his own motion. On the other hand, the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure allows change of venue not only for the convenience and to avoid prejudice against the defendant but also to afford a fair and impartial trial to the State and upon the motion of the judge or of the state prosecution. The inevitable conclusion is that the Federal Rules seek to afford a fair and impartial trial in favor of the accused alone in interpreting the public policy behind the determination of venue in criminal trials, while the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure seeks to afford a fair and impartial trial in favor of both the State and the accused in determining the venue in criminal cases. References Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Retrieved from the world wide web on Nov. 22, 2007. http://www. law. cornell. edu/rules/frcrmp/Rule21. html. Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. Retrieved from the world wide web on Nov. 22, 2007. http://tlo2. tlc. state. tx. us/cgi-bin/cqcgi. Zalman, Marvin. Venue-Cases. Retrieved from the world wide web Nov. 22, 2007. http://law. jrank. org/pages/2247/Venue. html.

Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: Free Essay Writer

Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is considered to be one of the finest works of literature of all time. Herbert Gorman, an author from the early twentieth century, stated that "so profound and beautiful and convincing a book is part of the lasting literature of our age," and with good reason. The main character of the novel, Stephen Dedalus, is a complex and dynamic youth, and one who undergoes vast changes during the course of his life. The main influences on him are family and religion. As his life passes, Stephens' feelings towards these influences change drastically. Stephen's family is very important to him. His father, Simon, plays a major role in his early life, and Stephen has great respect for him. However, there are instances when Stephen is angered by his fathers' actions, and resents his statements. The growing debts incurred by Simon lead to his son's transferring to a day school. Stephens' difficulties at his former educational institution are relayed by his father, much to the chagrin of the younger Dedalus. Later in the novel, Stephen loses even more respect for his father as the familys' debts continue to grow and they are forced to move. Once, when the two males travel to sell of the family estate, Simon returns to his former school and converses with his former classmates. Stephen is upset to hear of his father's wild behavior as a youth, and of his flirtatious nature. He begins to rebel against his strict upbringing, striking back at his familys' traditional values and way of life. Religion is an ever present force in Stephen's life. He attends a religious school from an early age, and is a devout Roman Catholic. He has great reference for the priests at his school, and even fears the rector. As his life progresses, Stephen experiences great feelings for women, and finally gives into his desire when he encounters a prostitute in Dublin. From this point forward, he views his life as an immoral one and makes many attempts to correct it. He goes so far as to deprive all of his senses from any form of pleasure. While attending a religious retreat, Stephen takes all that he hears to heart. He believes that if he does not correct his ways, he will be banished to an eternity in Hell. Deciding that he must confess his immoral act, Stephen goes to a small parish where he is not known. He begins to overcompensate for his sins, but to no avail.

Comparison between Hitler and Stalin Essay

The complexity of Stalin’s character and his role becomes most apparent when a comparison is attempted between him and Hitler. Their similarities are numerous and striking. Each of them suppressed opposition without mercy or scruple. Each built up the machine of a totalitarian state and subjected his people to its constant, relentless pressure. Each tried to remould the mind of his nation to a single pattern from which any ‘undesirable’ impulse or influence was excluded. Each established himself as an unchallengeable master ruling his country in accordance with a rigid ‘Fuhrerprinzip’. Here the similarities cease and the differences begin. Not in a single field has Hitler made the German nation advance beyond the point it had reached before he took power. In most fields he has thrown it back far behind; terribly far behind. The Germany he took over in 1933 was, despite economic depression and social strains and stresses, a wealthy and flourishing country. Its industry was the most efficient on the continent. Its social services were the most modern that any European nation had had. Its universities were great centres of learning, priding themselves on famous men of science. The better part of the German youth was serious, alert and idealistic. The German theatre was the object of the highest admiration and of imitation. The best German newspapers were the most intelligent and the best informed of the continental press. The Germany that Hitler left behind was impoverished and reduced to savagery. We are not speaking about the effects of Germany’s defeat, but about the state of the nation, regardless of defeat. The material apparatus of production which the country possessed under Hitler was, apart from special armament plants, not essentially greater than that which it had possessed before. Its social services were half destroyed. Its universities became drilling grounds-for a generation of horrible brutes. Its famous men of science were compelled either to emigrate or to accept the guidance of SS men and to learn racialist gibberish. Its medical men were turned into specialists on the racial purity of blood and into the assassins of those whose blood was deemed impure. In the sanctuary of national philosophy Alfred Rosenberg sequestrated for himself the niche that used to be occupied by Immanuel Kant. Twelve years of ‘education’ by a nazified press, radio, cinema, and theatre left the collective mind of Germany stultified and ruined. These terrible losses were not redeemed by a single positive acquisition or by a single new idea, unless one chooses to regard as new the idea that one nation or race is entitled to dominate or exterminate the others. Nor was the social structure of the nation essentially changed by national socialism. When the Nazi facade was blown away, the structure that revealed itself to the eyes of the world was the same as it had been before Hitler, with its big industrialists, its Krupps and Thyssens, its Junkers, its–.middle classes, its Grossbauers, its farm labourers, and its industrial workers. Sociologically, although not politically, the Germany of 1945 was still the Germany of the Hohenzollerns, only thrown into terrible disorder and confusion by a tragically purposeless riot. What a contrast, after all, Stalinist Russia presents. The nation over which Stalin took power might, apart from small groups of educated people and advanced workers, rightly be called a nation of savages. This is not meant to cast any reflection on the Russian national character – Russia’s ‘backward, Asiatic’ condition has been her tragedy, not her fault. Stalin undertook, to quote a famous saying, ‘to drive barbarism out of Russia by barbarous means’. Because of the nature of the means he employed, much of the barbarism thrown out of Russian life has crept back into it. The nation has, nevertheless, advanced far in most fields of its existence. Its material apparatus of production, which about 1930 was still inferior to that of any medium-sized European nation, has so greatly and so rapidly expanded that Russia is now the first industrial power in Europe and the second in the world. Within little more than one decade the number of her cities and towns doubled; and her urban population grew by thirty millions. The number of schools of all grades has very impressively multiplied. The whole nation has been sent to school. Its mind has been so awakened that it can hardly be put back to sleep again. Its avidity for knowledge, for the sciences and the arts, has been stimulated by Stalin’s government to the point where it has become insatiable and embarrassing. It should be remarked that, although Stalin has kept Russia isolated from the contemporary influences of the west, he has encouraged and fostered every interest in what he calls the ‘cultural heritage’ of the west. Perhaps in no country have the young been imbued with so great a respect and love for the classical literature and art of other nations as in Russia. This is one of the important differences between the educational methods of nazism and Stalinism. Another is that Stalin has not, like Hitler, forbidden the new generation to read and study the classics of their own literature whose ideological outlook does not accord with his. While tyrannizing the living poets, novelists, historians, painters, and even composers, he has displayed, on the whole, a strange pietism for the dead ones. The works of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Belinsky, and many others, whose satire and criticism of past tyranny have only too often a bearing on the present, have been literally pressed into the hands of youth in millions of copies. No Russian Lessing or Heine has been burned at an auto-da-fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Nor can the fact be ignored that the ideal inherent in Stalinism, one to which Stalin has given a grossly distorted expression, is not domination of man by man, or nation by nation, or race by race, but their fundamental equality. Even the proletarian dictatorship is presented as a mere transition to a classless society; and it is the community of the free and the equal, and not the dictatorship, that has remained the inspiration. Thus, there have been many positive, valuable elements in the educational influence of Stalinism, elements that are in the long run likely to turn against its worse features. Finally, the whole structure of Russian society has undergone a change so profound and so many-sided that it cannot really be reversed. It is possible to imagine a violent reaction of the Russian people itself against the state of siege in which it has been living so long. It is even possible to imagine something like a political restoration. But it is certain that even such a restoration would touch merely the surface of Russian society and that it would demonstrate its impotence vis-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-vis the work done by the revolution even more thoroughly than the Stuart and the Bourbon restorations had done. For of Stalinist Russia it is even truer than of any other revolutionary nation that ‘twenty years have done the work of twenty generations’. For all these reasons Stalin cannot be classed with Hitler, among the tyrants whose record is one of absolute worthlessness and futility. Hitler was the leader of a sterile counter-revolution, while Stalin has been both the leader and the exploiter of a tragic, self-contradictory but creative revolution. Like Cromwell, Robespierre and Napoleon he started as the servant of an insurgent people and made himself its master. Like Cromwell he embodies the continuity of the revolution through all its phases and metamorphoses, although his role was less prominent in the first phase. Like Robespierre he has bled white his own party; and like Napoleon he has built his half-conservative and half-revolutionary empire and carried revolution beyond the frontiers of his country. The better part of Stalin’s work is as certain to outlast Stalin himself as the better parts of the work of Cromwell and Napoleon have outlasted them. But in order to save it for the future and to give to it its full value, history may yet have to cleanse and reshape Stalin’s work as sternly as it once cleansed and reshaped the work of the English revolution after Cromwell and of the French after Napoleon. From Stalin, A Political Biography, I. Deutscher, Oxford University Press, 1949.,

Should Obese People Have Higher Premiums

Guoyi Chen Should Obese People Have Higher Premiums The Obesity epidemic affects millions people of the United States every day. According to the National Institutes of Health, â€Å"obesity† refers to any individual with a BMI of more than 30 and BMI is simply a calculation that assesses weight relative to height (NIH). In the past decades, the number of obese Americans has increased dramatically. Based on the data from Nation Health and Examination Survey, about one-third of U. S. adults (33. %) are obese and approximately 17% (or 12. 5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). It is well documented that people who are obese are more likely to have so-called â€Å"obese-related† health problems such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the government has spent about 122 billion dollars annually to cure people who have obese related health issues and this number is still increasing.Because obesity costs so much annually, some people suggest that people who are obese should pay higher insurance rates because they place a heavy burden on the government and use more health care resources than non-obese people. On the other hand, others hold the opinion that it is unfair for people who are obese and it is kind of discrimination if they need to pay higher insurance rates than non-obese people. The important question that worth to notice here is that what causes obesity?Some people suggest that obesity is more about â€Å"nature†. It has something to do with genes because obese people would transfer their â€Å"obese gene† to their offspring. Other people believe that it more about â€Å"nurture† because an unhealthy life style could leads to obesity. However, according to NIH, â€Å"obesity is mainly caused by consuming more calories than the body needs – most commonly by eating a diet high in fat and calories, living a sedentary lifestyle, or both. † (NIH).That being said, most people who are obese that way are because they do not care about their health so much and prefer an unhealthy lifestyle, therefore, those people should pay higher insurance rates because they choose to behave in ways that pose risks to their health. To begin with, people who are obese should pay higher insurance rate because they choose to ruin their health by choosing unhealthy food rather than healthy food. The choices on food have a close connection with people’s health problems. Based on the definition that was given by NIH, obesity is caused by eating a diet high in fat and calories.That is to say, people’s choice on food affects this problem significantly. Nowadays, people have lots of choices on food. There are always many health options available to people besides unhealthy food. However, some people would like to choose food that contains high calories rather than fres h vegetables, fruit etc. They are more likely to eat food such as cheeseburgers, pizza, soft drinks and fries. It seems like these kinds of food are relative inexpensive, faster to get and even more delicious in some degree.But from a different point of view, these kinds of food contain many calories, which could causes obesity problems later on. One possible reason that people choose eat those unhealthy food might because they think fresh vegetables, fruit and even fresh proteins are expensive for them so they have to eat things like fast food instead since they do not have high incomes even if they want to buy those healthy food. But a good question that worth to think about carefully here is that â€Å"Are these â€Å"healthy† food options really more expensive than â€Å"unhealthy† food? † Take â€Å"fast-food† as an example.According to Mark Bittman, the author of the article â€Å"Is Junk Food Really Cheaper†, which published in New York Time s, a typical order for a family of four is two Big Macs, a cheeseburger, six chicken McNuggets, two medium and two small fries, and two medium and two small sodas, which cost about 28 dollars. But the home-cooked meal of chicken, salad, potatoes and milk cost on average about 13. 78 dollars and a homemade meal of pinto beans and rice is even cheaper at $9. 26. However, the calories that people get from having fast food is definitely much higher than having healthy goods.With the time goes along, there is a big chance that people’s eating habit will be changed into unhealthy way and finally leads to obesity and even results in obese related problems. That is to say, eating health does not mean eating expensive. It is about what you choose to eat. Some people might argue that they want to cook at home but the grocery stores are far away from them and some of them are even do not know how to cook. However, according to research conducted by Department of Agriculture, 93 percent of those with limited access to supermarkets do have access to vehicles.That being said, even if taking the long route to putting food on the table may not be easy, but for most Americans it remains a choice. The idea is that if you can drive to McDonald’s you can drive to Safeway as well. Cook a health meal is not a complicate job. There are lots of books on the cashier that teach people how to cook the health food. Why don’t you take the responsibility to learn how to prepare a health meal and protect your family or yourself from obesity related health issues? Beside, it is understandable that people live in fast pace society now and barely have time to prepare health meals.But why don't you spend less time watching TV everyday? Your time is there. By spending less time watching TV, you could not only prepared health food but also burned extra calories while preparing the food, which is also helpful. That being said, money, time and cook skills might not the excuses for people who choose to eat unhealthy food and ruin their healthy this way. Choosing what kinds food to eat is totally a personal choice, of people have the unhealthy eating style they have, they are more likely to become obese and get some obese related problems such as diabetes.As we discussed above, government spent huge amount of money to cure those people. In another words, people who care about their health and choose a health eating habit pay tax dollars to government every years just can get less benefits than what they should have because there is a part of their tax dollars go to cure those people who ruin their health by choosing unhealthy life style. In short, obese people should pay higher insurance rates for themselves than non-obese people because the diseases they get is caused by their obesity and their obesity caused by the unhealthy eating habit they choose.Another reason why obese people should pay higher insurance rates is because they barely take some actions such as, do more exercising to control their weight. Doing some exercises could help them stay away from obese related health problems and then save huge amount of money every year. We should take two different situations into consideration. One is that people who are obese but already taking some exercises to lose some weight. Those groups of obese people might already understand that obesity could results in many health diseases and would bring negative externality to society.However, another group is the people who are obese but still do not want to take actions to keep them away from health diseases. Those groups of people are the people who need to pay higher insurance because they do not care about their health in the beginning and do not even care if they will bring negative impact on society. Moreover, those people perhaps think that government will pay expensive expenses for them when they get sick because they have health insurance like anyone else do.That is to say, it en courages those people to not take actions to help themselves away from obese related health problems if the insurance rates stay the same for anybody. Some people might say that it is kind of discrimination that requires people who are obese to pay higher insurance rates than non-obese people. It seems reasonable in some degree. Why should insurance rates depend on people’s appearance? However, in order to look at this problem fairly, let's consider two important questions.The first question is â€Å"do obese people have a choice between being fat and not fat? † This is a very important question to think about before deciding whether obese people should pay higher insurance rates or not. If being obese is more about â€Å"nature† thing that has something to do with â€Å"genes† and people who are obese do not have controls on that, then, they should not pay higher insurance than non-obese and if they are required to do so, it is definitely a discriminatio n and it would just end up punishing people who are already punished by their health.According to ObesityinAmerica. org, obesity is not always caused by simple behavioral issues, it has something to do with genes. For example, genetic determinations such as the way a body expends energy, hormones that affect the way calories are processed, and other organ systems in the body can all affect appetite. These groups of people do not have control on how they will be born, but they do have controls on whether they want to take initiative to have a healthy eating habits and life styles, which could help them away from obesity related problems.The idea is that as long as they realized the potential health issues they might have and helping themselves away from these dangers, they should not be required to pay higher health insurance rates since their behaviors could ease heavy economic burden on government. However, other type of people, who have choice on being obese or not, should pay hig her health insurance rates if they â€Å"choose† to be obese by having unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyle because they choose to place a negative externality to society, then, we should ask that for those people who â€Å"choose† to be obese, do they impose an cost on other people?Unfortunately, the answer would be yes. Those people believe they have the right to choose their own lifestyle even though it is bad for their health, but what they didn't noticed is that their â€Å"right† would impose an cost on people who have a health lifestyle. It is common sense that obesity can cause many diseases. Author Yves Engler, who is a Canadian writer and political activist, mentions in his article â€Å"Obesity: Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations† that â€Å"Researchers claim there are links between obesity and more than 30 medical conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancers and possibly Alzheimer’sâ₠¬ .In other words, obesity is not just about how you look like physically, it actually causes many fatal diseases, which cost much to cure. Yves Engler points out in the same article that â€Å"The U. S. National Institute of Health estimates that the annual costs of treating obesity-related conditions are at least $120 billion†, that is to say, larger proportions of tax dollars were used to treat people who are ruining their own healthy by choosing a bad healthy life style.Then, why should people who care about their health and choose health life style paid the money for those group of people who claims that they have their own â€Å"right† to choose what they want. It does not make sense that someone who doesn't care about their health by eating excessive amounts of unhealthy food and spending few time exercising pays the same insurance premium of a person who makes it a priority to keep their health in the best possible shape they can. In some degree, requires obes e people pay higher health insurance is just like require dangerous driver pay higher car insurance rates.The driver could have options to drive safely, but he/she choose drive dangerously instead and because of his/her dangerous driving, it would put others life and properties in a risky place. So, is it kind of discrimination if car insurance companies charge higher rates to those dangerous drivers than drivers who drive safely? It is probably not. The idea the require obese people tp pay higher insurance rates is not because government want to take advantages from obese people, it is because it is a good way to encourage obese people control their life style.That being said, requiring people who obese pay higher insurance rates is not discrimination. It is a fair way that redistributes health care expenses and encourages them to pay attention to their health. All in all, those people who realized they are obese but do not want to take initiative do to control their weight should pay higher insurance because their own â€Å"choice† brings a negative externality on society. Because of their unhealthy ifestyle, they would more likely to get obese related health problem than non-obese people and then demand more health care resource than non-obese people, they should responsible for the cost that resulted by their own choices. Work Cited â€Å"U. S. Obesity Trends. † Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 May. 2012. . Nilsson, Siri. â€Å"Good Luck If You're Searching for Good-for-You Eats. † ABC News.ABC News Network, 26 Sept. 2006. Web. 27 May. 2012. . â€Å"Obesity In America: What's Driving The Epidemic?. † Harvard Men's Health Watch 16. 7 (2012): 5-7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 May. 2012 â€Å"2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. † : Contents. 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 27 May. 2012. ;http://www. health. gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default. as px;. â€Å"Understanding Obesity. † Understanding Obesity. 12 Jan. 2008. Web. 28 May 2012. ;http://www. obesityinamerica. rg/understandingObesity/index. cfm;. Bittman, Mark. â€Å"OP-ED COLUMNIST; Is Junk Food Really Cheaper. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 25 Sept. 2011. Web. 11 June 2012. ;http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/opinion/sunday/is-junk-food-really-cheaper. html? pagewanted=all;. Engler, Yves. â€Å"English 1022 Online–Spring 2010. † : Obesity: Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 June 2012. ;http://spring2010online1022. blogspot. com/2010/02/obesity-much-of-responsibility-lies. html;.